Showing posts with label richard ormerod. Show all posts
Showing posts with label richard ormerod. Show all posts

07 September 2012

High Anxieties: The Mathematics of Chaos

High Anxieties: The Mathematics of Chaos is a documentary film made by David Malone on the origins of chaos theory and its implications for our political and economic systems. It describes how advances in mathematics and physics have led to an understanding that we don’t live in a Newtonian ‘clockwork universe’ governed by simple rules of cause and effect. It concludes that there are practical limits to our individual and collective abilities to predict and control complex natural systems and man-made systems. Any observed instabilities and breakdowns of such systems may be inherent in the systems themselves and are not necessarily the result of an external shock. The programme was first broadcast by the BBC in 2008.

The programme provides a good introduction to chaos theory and to well-known concepts such as tipping points. It makes a number of good points particularly on economics. However, a few segments seem to push the concept of chaos too far. For example, it suggests that chaos was a major cause of our inability to plan the course of the First World War, and it somehow seeks to relate chaos to the development of nuclear weapons. Also, it ends with some conclusions about the inevitability of disastrous outcomes arising from man-made climate change, which I don’t think are warranted by the preceding arguments. The key point surely is that chaos theory suggests that phenomena such as climate change are unpredictable, and that the risks they represent should be taken seriously, but not that such phenomena will inevitably lead to disaster. Nevertheless, the programme is worth watching.

Watch High Anxieties, split into nine segments, below.

Segment
High Anxieties: Part 1 of 9
High Anxieties: Part 2 of 9
High Anxieties: Part 3 of 9
High Anxieties: Part 4 of 9
High Anxieties: Part 5 of 9
High Anxieties: Part 6 of 9
High Anxieties: Part 7 of 9
High Anxieties: Part 8 of 9
High Anxieties: Part 9 of 9

The programme mentions people such as Henri Poincaré, Aleksandr Lyapunov and Edward Lorenz. Interviewees include David Ruelle, Paul Ormerod, James Lovelock, June Barrow-Green, Peter Cox and Linda Gask.

04 April 2012

Wanted – useful economists

There seem to be few hard and fast rules in economics. Take the concept of division of labour. We are all better off when we each take a specialist role and then trade with each other. This works well almost everywhere for all manner of goods and services. However, it doesn’t work when asking and answering big questions on economics.

Suppose I want to know the likely impact on inflation of current government policies. As it happens, I have been asking this question and doing some internet research. Economists are the specialists in this area and they have been working on this question for some time. According to economists, the answer is that hyperinflation is likely; or mild inflation; or no inflation; or prolonged deflation. The economics professional does not speak with a single voice on this question. I am left with the task of deciding for myself which, if any, of these answers is correct. Of course, in order to do this, I will first need to teach myself economics to the level of a Nobel prize-winner and then work through the pros and cons of the arguments for each answer. I may be some time.

I’m being a little unfair here, but only a little, so I have a dilemma. In order to make any progress, I need to use the knowledge of ‘the best’ economists, but it’s not at all clear to me which economists are ‘the best’. I need some criteria.

I have set out some criteria, including basic reasoning, below. I have not made any attempt at balance in these criteria. I do not know enough about the many schools of economic thought to achieve political, ideological or methodological balance.

Criteria for 'useful' economists
Criterion Description
Mainly macroeconomics Economics is made up of top-down macroeconomics and bottom-up microeconomics. The questions I want to answer seem to be mostly macroeconomic questions.
Prediction track record Economists who predicted the current crisis are more likely to have mental models that are consistent with the facts. Of course, they could have predicted the crisis through luck, so a longer track record is desirable.
Recognition of failings Economists who have acknowledged openly the economics profession’s failings are more likely to be open to identifying problems and making improvements.
Good communications Economists who talk in plain English are easier to understand than those who use abstract jargon.
Flow diagrams Economists who use diagrams to demonstrate the flows of goods, services, information and money between the various stakeholders in the economy, are likely to be easier to understand than those who use only words.
Complex systems Economists who use the language of complex systems are more likely to fit my own beliefs.
Trial and error In the face of a complex system which demonstrates unpredictable behaviour, economists who advocate the use of experimentation, trial and error, and controlled experiments, are more likely to fit my own beliefs.

I’ve been looking for economists who meet at least some of these criteria for a while. Here is my initial list of the economists from whom I’m hoping to learn:

First cut set of 'useful' economists
Name Country Website/Blog Wikipedia Twitter Other
Ha-Joon Chang South Korea Website/Blog Wikipedia
Tim Harford UK Website/Blog Wikipedia Twitter More or Less
John Kay UK Website/Blog Wikipedia Twitter
Steve Keen Australia Website/Blog Wikipedia Twitter
Richard Koo Taiwan Wikipedia
Paul Krugman USA Website/Blog Wikipedia Twitter
Paul Ormerod UK Website/Blog Wikipedia Twitter
Joseph Stiglitz USA Website/Blog Wikipedia

As most of these economists have blogs and use Twitter, it’s easy to find their views. Some of them have boisterous arguments with their ideological and methodological opponents, so it’s easy to find alternative views as well.

There are lots of financial blogs on the internet. Here is Time magazine’s list of the 25 best financial blogs.